A turbocharger is a device

fitted to a vehicle's engine that is designed to improve the overall efficiency and

increase performance. This is the reason why many auto manufacturers are choosing to

turbocharge their vehicles. The new Chevrolet Trax and Equinox are both offered with

turbocharged engines and as time goes on, more and more vehicles will be fitted with them.

A turbo is made up of two halves joined together by a shaft. On one side, hot exhaust

gasses spin the turbine that is connected to another turbine which sucks air in and

compresses it into the engine. This compression is what gives the engine the extra power

and efficiency because as more air can go in the combustion chamber, more fuel can be added

for more power.

A turbocharger is made up of two main sections: the turbine and the compressor. The

turbine consists of the turbine wheel and the turbine housing. It is the job of the turbine

housing to guide the exhaust gas into the turbine wheel. The energy from the exhaust gas

turns the turbine wheel, and the gas then exits the turbine housing through an exhaust

outlet area.

The compressor also consists of two parts: the compressor wheel and the compressor

housing. The compressor's mode of action is opposite that of the turbine. The

compressor wheel is attached to the turbine by a forged steel shaft, and as the turbine

turns the compressor wheel, the high-velocity spinning draws in air and compresses it. The

compressor housing then converts the high-velocity, low-pressure air stream into a high-

pressure, low-velocity air stream through a process called diffusion. The compressed air is

pushed into the engine, allowing the engine to burn more fuel to produce more power.

In addition to the extra power, turbochargers are sometimes referred to as devices that

offer "free power" because unlike a supercharger, it does not require the

engine's power to drive it. The hot and expanding gasses coming out of the engine are

what power a turbocharger so there is no drain of the engine's net power. Turbocharged

engines are also not affected in the same way as naturally aspirated engines are when they

go at higher altitudes. The higher in altitude a naturally aspirated engine climbs, the

harder it becomes for it to get oxygen due to the thinning atmosphere. A turbocharger gets

around this problem because it forces the oxygen into the engine's combustion chamber,

sometimes at 2 times the pressure of the atmosphere.

Turbochargers also improve the fuel efficiency of a vehicle however there is a

misconception when it comes to turbocharged vehicles and fuel efficiency. Taking a

naturally aspirated engine and slapping on a turbocharger on it will not improve fuel

efficiency. The way that manufacturers improve fuel efficiency though turbocharging is by

down-sizing an engine and then turbocharging it. For example, take a 2.5L inline-4 cylinder

naturally aspirated engine and decrease the displacement to 1.4L and then turbocharger it.

The smaller, turbocharged engine would still have the same performance figures (or slightly

better) but because of the smaller displacement, it would also use less fuel.

In automotive applications, "boost" refers to the amount by which intake

manifold pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure at sea level. This is representative of the

extra air pressure that is achieved over what would be achieved without the forced

induction. The level of boost may be shown on a pressure gauge, usually in bar, psi or

possibly kPa. The control of turbocharger boost has changed dramatically over the 100-plus

years of their use. Modern turbochargers can use wastegates, blow-off valves and variable

geometry, as discussed in later sections.

In petrol engine turbocharger applications, boost pressure is limited to keep the

entire engine system, including the turbocharger, inside its thermal and mechanical design

operating range. Over-boosting an engine frequently causes damage to the engine in a

variety of ways including pre-ignition, overheating, and over-stressing the engine's

internal hardware. For example, to avoid engine knocking (also known as detonation) and the

related physical damage to the engine, the intake manifold pressure must not get too high,

thus the pressure at the intake manifold of the engine must be controlled by some means.

Opening the wastegate allows the excess energy destined for the turbine to bypass it and

pass directly to the exhaust pipe, thus reducing boost pressure. The wastegate can be

either controlled manually (frequently seen in aircraft) or by an actuator (in automotive

applications, it is often controlled by the engine control unit).

Therefore, there are many kinds of turbocharger for different types of vehicles like

Turbocharger for

Audi,

Turbocharger for Seat, Turbocharger for Skoda,

Turbocharger

for Volkswagen, Turbocharger for BMW,



Turbocharger for Mercedes-Benz,

Turbocharger for

Toyota,

Turbocharger for Volvo,

Turbocharger for

Hyundai, etc.