A Guide To Lube Oil Purifier
A ship has hundreds of machinery and systems which helps in its day to day operations.
Lubrication plays a vital role in smooth running of these machineries by overcoming

and reducing heat, neutralizing acid combustion by-products, preventing scuffing,

lessening friction and thereby combating wear and tear between two running surfaces.
The main engine lube oil system on ships ensure lubrication of the main bearings

through pumping of lube oil by duplex oil filters, to the crossheads, and guides, piston

cooling and bottom end bearings through the swivel jointed pipes in the engine casings.
The engine cylinders have their own lube oil system, which lubricates the surfaces

between the cylinder wall and the piston rings through a set of concentric nozzles or

quills fitted around the cylinder liner.
It is imperative to maintain the lubricating oil’s properties and to ensure it is in

good condition.
This is executed by the watchkeeping engineer who is responsible for carrying out

proficient engine room watch especially, on lube-oil temperature, pressure and the

condition of oil.
The common contamination of the lube oil can occur because of:
Jacket Water Leaking
Cooler Leakage
Fuel Contamination through Poor Atomization of fuel and unburnt fuel.
High Exhaust Temperature, Burned Cylinder Oil, Carbon from incomplete

combustion and products of fuel composition
Scale formation, wear and tear and biological contamination.
Such contamination need to be purified to maintain the quality of lube oil throughout

as the quality of lube oil determines equipment

lifetime and its productivity.
As impure lube oil leads to:
Reduction in fuel efficiency.
Corrosion on mechanical parts.
Increase in acid formation in trunk type piston engine.
Reduce Load Carrying capacity
Microbial Degradation
Case Crankcase Explosion.
Therefore, we need Lube oil purifier

on ships for proper purification of lube oil with minimum throughput or batch purification

in case of heavy contamination.
There are three ways in which lube oil purification can be done:
centrifugation。
filtration and
coalescence.
A high-speed centrifugal purifier is installed on a ship to get rid of the unwanted

contaminants and pollutants from the lube oil.
On ships, separate marine purifiers are used for fuel and lube oil. Lube oil is

purified only through centrifugation while the fuel oil uses both centrifugation and

gravity separation.
On ships, it is also referred to as Centrifuge. It is a purifier that separates two

liquid substances based on their difference in density with the use of gravity disc to

separate solid and water and sealing water as an operator with two-holed lower discs; one

for water and other for oil.
Construction Features of Centrifugal Purifier or “Centrifuge”:
Electric Motor: This is responsible for driving various components such as bowl,

tachometer, gear-pump via pinion gear, and rotating counter.
Friction Clutch: Friction clutch is installed on the horizontal shaft to safeguard and

protect the electric motor from damage as the complete purifier assembly is too heavy for

a motor to take the full load from the start without overheating. Once the system attends

a preset required momentum, the pads gradually move out under centrifugal force connecting

the motor directly to the bowl. It is necessary for the friction clutch to engage with the

drum for the revolution of the bowl.
It safeguards against heavy starting current. A solid coupling, then due to a large

starting current, would simply overheat and burn the motor winding. Therefore, friction

coupling allows for some time, and after the motor reaches a certain RPM, the coupling

gets engaged thereon.
Gear Box: The Gear Box Assembly in Marine Lube oil Centrifugal purifier consists of a

motor shaft, friction clutch, the breaking lever, spur gear, worm gear and the attached

gear pump.
The Bowl & Disc Stack: The Bowl is a solid assembly made up of high tensile steel

working within purifier frame with ample space to accumulate and discharge sludge. Disc

Stacks are incorporated with small holes to form the interface line and carry out

separation using centrifugal force that causes oil to move inward and water and solid

particle to move outward.
Dry Air Generator For Power Systems
Dry air generators are more unique in power systems for large transformers and

reactors.
When the transformer is shipped out from the factory, the heavier insulating oil is

extracted and replaced with light dry air, which reduces the transportation cost of the

large transformer.
Due to the long maintenance and accident repair time of a large transformer, sometimes

it is more than half a month. If there is no absolute dry air filled into the transformer

continuously, the transformer body will be seriously wet and rusted, accordingly the

transformer insulation performance will be destroyed.
The

dry air generator ensures that the internal insulation of the transformer will not

get wet during the maintenance process, and the maintenance personnel will not suffocate

due to lack of oxygen when working inside the equipment. It can avoid the influence of

external climate change, avoid the traditional transformer oil thermal circulation drying

method. It can improve the oil’s insulation performance and reduce the moisture, and also

ensure the personal safety of maintenance personnel.
Our GF series dry air generator is mainly composed of air compressor, gas storage

tank, cold dryer, suction dryer, three-stage precision dry air filter, pressure reducing

valve, flow meter and electric control system.
Its features are as below:
The air compressor takes the latest patent Injection screw rotor from ATLAS COPCO and

driven by the efficient and maintenance-free device. It features barely supervised, long-

term stable and reliable work, self-diagnostic fault and alarm. The machine has an

automatic restart function after power-off.
No heat regenerative dryer uses the principle of pressure swing adsorption to make the

desiccant agent absorbing under the pressure of pipe network, and then switch to

desorption under the atmospheric pressure and lead back about 14% of the dry gas from the

outlet of drier for further purification regeneration. The two towers are working as above

alternatively to provide the user with dry compressed air
Means of control:
It adopts the advanced and reliable microcomputer program controller featured

automatic timing, auto-switching work. The machine is working stably and reliably and won

’t be affected by the power grid, voltage, electric field effects.
This machine has a power supply voltage, air outlet pressure, air outlet dew point,

air outlet temperature, adsorption tower pressure and a series of parameters of real-time

display instruments for the operation of equipment at any time can be observed, recorded,

and greatly facilitate the management.
Lesser known facts about TTR testing that are affecting your results
Transformer Turns Ratio (TTR) testing is one of the most common ways of assessing the

condition of a transformer’s windings and core. Throughout the life of a transformer, TTR

results are compared against the nameplate ratings to reveal insulation deterioration,

shorted turns, core heating or other abnormalities.

TTR tester

is simple, so is often taken for granted without fully understanding the basis of the

test. As a result, when measurements are not within expected limits, it is hard to

determine the cause and resolve the problem.
This article focusses on some of the lesser known aspects of TTR testing, such as the

effect of applied test voltage, step-up versus step-down excitation; differences between

nameplate ratio, voltage ratio and turns ratio; sources of error; per phase testing vs

true three-phase testing; and more.
The basics
Transformers transfer power between circuits, usually at different levels of voltage

and current, by electromagnetic induction. This function depends on the relationship

between the number of turns of a specific pair of windings in the transformer. As this

relationship is so important, TTR testing is typically performed many times throughout the

life of a transformer – during manufacture, at acceptance and then during routine

maintenance and as an aid to fault finding.
Modern TTR instruments will work by applying a voltage on one winding of the

transformer (VP), measuring the resulting voltage on another winding (VS) and then

calculating the ratio of these two voltages. This is the transformer voltage ratio (TVR),

but it should be noted that for three-phase transformers, a correction factor, which

depends on the vector configuration of the windings, has to be applied.
As TTR measurements are made under no load conditions, impedance will have a

negligible effect on the results. The measured value of TVR will, therefore, be

approximately equal to TTR, the turns ratio. For this reason, it is standard industry

practice to validate TTR with an instrument that in reality measures TVR.
SF6 Gas analyzer
Description of the SF6 Gas analyzer
The model GA11 SF6 Gas analyzer are innovative and reliable instruments

for determining the quality of different insulating gases. Among these insulating gases

are included SF6, Novec? 4710 gas mixture (g3 gas) as well as applications for technical

air (clean air/ dry air, based on oxygen and nitrogen). The SF6 Gas analyzer GA11 can

measure the concentration of up to six parameters, depending on the selected equipment

variant.
Set up
A clearly arranged menu structure and a 7" colourtouchscreen allow for

intuitive operation. Sensors for the measurement of purity and humidity are included as

standard. Optionally, the SF6 gas recovery and refilling system

can be extended with electrochemical sensors for determining the SF6 gas decomposition

products.
Applications of the SF6 Gas analyzer
Analysis of the gas quality in gas-filled equipment
For the analysis of SF6 gas, g3 gas or N2 gas
Special features of the SF6 Gas analyzer
Provides measured values for humidity, gas composition (purity) and

decomposition products (optional)
Low transport weight of 25 kg
Three methods for emission-free treatment of the measurement gas:
- Direct pumping back into the tested compartment
- Pumping into an external gas cylinder
- Collecting in an external gas bag
Battery power for min. 5 measurements or mains supply
Not compromised by transport restrictions (IATA)