Brazing is a metal-joining process in which two or more materials are joined when
a filler metal (with a melting point lower than those of the materials themselves) is
drawn into the joint between them by capillary action.
Vacuum Brazing
Euipments have many advantages over other metal-joining techniques,
particularly welding. Since the base metals never melt, brazing allows much tighter
control over tolerances and produces a cleaner connection, normally without the need
for secondary finishing. Because components are heated uniformly, brazing
consequently results in less thermal distortion than welding. This process also
provides the ability to easily join dissimilar metals and non-metals and is ideally
suited to cost-effective joining of complex and multi-part assemblies.
How does vacuum brazing work?
High Temperature Vacuum Brazing Furnace is carried out
in the absence of air, using a specialized furnace, which delivers significant
advantages:
Extremely clean, flux-free joints of high integrity and superior strength
Improved temperature uniformity
Lower residual stresses due to slow heating and cooling cycle
Significantly improved thermal and mechanical properties of the material
Heat treating or age hardening in the same furnace cycle
Easily adapted for mass production
In order to obtain high-quality brazed joints, parts must be closely fitted and
the base metals must be clean and free of oxides, normally accomplished by either
chemical or mechanical (abrasive) cleaning. In the case of mechanical cleaning,
proper surface roughness must be maintained as the capillary action of the filler
material occurs much more readily on a rough surface than a smooth surface.
Temperature and time are also important factors that contribute to the quality of
brazed joints. As the temperature of the braze alloy is increased, the alloying and
wetting action of the filler metal increases as well. In general, the temperature
selected must be above the melting point of the filler metal, though there are
several other factors that influence temperature selection.
Typically, the preferred process will have the lowest possible braze temperature
to minimize heat effects on the assembly, keep filler metal/base metal interactions
to a minimum and maximize the life of fixtures. Most production braze processes are
optimized to minimize Low Temperature Vacuum Brazing
Furnace time and the associated costs.
In vacuum processing, the load being heated in the furnace is rapidly cooled at
the end of the heat cycle to impart desired physical properties in a process referred
to as quenching. Although the metallurgical reasons for quenching vary depending on
the process used, in all cases the goal is to quickly cool the load. Gas quenching
involves introducing an inert gas (i.e. nitrogen, argon, or helium) into the furnace
and rapidly circulating it through the heating chamber under pressure to remove the
stored thermal energy from the load. While being circulated, the gas is forced
through a Vacuum Heat Treatment Furnace to remove its heat.
There are several interesting and important factors that play a role in the
design of a heat exchanger used for quenching and cooling workloads in a vacuum
furnace. In order to understand the function of the heat exchanger in the quenching
process, we first want to review the fundamentals of the heat exchanger operation.
An Atmosphere Heat Treatment Furnace is a device that
transfers heat from one fluid (liquid or gas) to another fluid (liquid or gas)
without the two fluids coming in direct contact. The type of heat exchanger typically
used in a vacuum furnace is the finned tube type. Heat is first transferred from the
hot gas to the fins and then to the tubes by convection, then through the tube wall
by conduction and finally from the tube interior to the cold fluid inside the tube,
again by convection. The efficiency of a heat exchanger is highly dependent on the
mode of heat transfer, with convection being the dominant form of heat transfer in
fluids. However, the conductivity of the materials must also be considered.
What Is a Sintering Furnace?
Shaping Materials With Heat in Vacuum Sintering Furnaces
A sintering furnace is used during the sintering process, which involves heating
powder compacts to increase the product’s mechanical strength, density, and
translucency. Sintering ovens must be able to maintain heating temperatures below the
product’s melting point, as the goal is not to liquefy the material. Rather,
sintering furnaces are used more to shape materials into their final product.
Sintering Process vs. Annealing Process
What is the difference between sintering and annealing?
Sintering, also called frittage, uses heat to agglomerate metal particles.
Sintering in metallurgy uses heat treatment to increase the material’s strength and
structural integrity. In many industries, the
Powder Metallurgy
Equipments process uses sintering to create end-use parts.
The annealing process is similar to sintering because it alters a material’s
physical and, sometimes, chemical properties. An annealing oven uses heat to remove
internal stresses from certain materials, such as stoneware or metal. It requires
heating a material above its recrystallization temperature. With annealing, the
material maintains this temperature for a given amount of time, then cools.
Industries and Applications that Use Sintering Furnaces
The manufacturing industry uses Box Sintering Furnaces to produce
metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials. A sintering oven is commonly used by
players in manufacturing to develop
Stainless-steel tools
Shotgun shells
Aircraft hydraulic systems
Pottery
Ceramics
Ski bases
Snowboard bases
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